Analisis Peran Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) sebagai Decision Support System (DSS) dalam Mendukung Keamanan Maritim Nasional Indonesia
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Abstract
Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia menghadapi tantangan besar dalam mengawasi wilayah lautnya yang luas, di tengah ancaman multidimensi berupa illegal fishing, smuggling, human trafficking, piracy, dan marine pollution. Kesadaran situasional yang komprehensif terhadap domain maritim, yang dikenal sebagai Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA), menjadi prasyarat penting bagi otoritas maritim untuk merespons ancaman tersebut secara proaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) sebagai Decision Support System (DSS) dalam mendukung keamanan maritim nasional Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi literatur, analisis isi, sintesis, dan analisis komparatif terhadap literatur ilmiah internasional yang membahas perkembangan SIG, teknologi sensor maritim, dan sistem pendukung keputusan berbasis kecerdasan buatan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa SIG telah bertransformasi dari alat visualisasi pasif menuju Autonomous GIS yang mampu melakukan penalaran spasial secara mandiri, sebagaimana tercermin pada perkembangan GeoGPT dan GIS Copilot. Integrasi data multisumber seperti AIS, radar, citra satelit, UAV, dan Marine IoT dengan melalui mekanisme verifikasi silang terbukti menjadi kunci efektivitas deteksi dark vessel, prediksi perilaku kapal mencurigakan, dan pemantauan pencemaran laut. Kajian ini juga merumuskan roadmap pengembangan SIG nasional yang menekankan pentingnya interoperabilitas data antarlembaga (Bakamla, TNI AL, BIG, BRIN, dan lainnya) sebagai fondasi sebelum adopsi teknologi otonom yang lebih kompleks. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemetaan konseptual keterkaitan SIG-DSS-MDA yang masih terbatas dalam literatur nasional, sekaligus menawarkan arah kebijakan bagi penguatan keamanan maritim Indonesia berbasis teknologi geospasial.
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